Cutaneous Larva Migrans in Traveler: Chile Case Report

Cutaneous Larva Migrans in Traveler: Chile Case Report

March 7, 2026 Nkechi Okonkwo- Health Editor Health

A recent case report detailed an instance of imported cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) in a 16-year-ancient traveler returning to Chile from a trip to Brazil. This parasitic skin infection, often called creeping eruption, highlights the risks faced by travelers even to seemingly low-risk destinations and underscores the importance of awareness among both clinicians and those planning international travel. While CLM is not typically life-threatening, it can cause significant discomfort and diagnostic challenges.

Understanding Cutaneous Larva Migrans

Cutaneous larva migrans is caused by the larvae of hookworms, typically those found in animals like dogs and cats. Humans become infected when these larvae penetrate the skin, usually from contact with contaminated sand or soil. The larvae cannot complete their life cycle in human skin, so they wander beneath the surface, creating the characteristic itchy, raised tracks that give the condition its “creeping eruption” nickname. The infection is most common in tropical and subtropical regions, but imported cases are increasingly seen in travelers returning from endemic areas.

According to a review published in Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, cutaneous larva migrans is one of the most frequently reported epidermal parasitic skin diseases in travelers. The study notes that outbreaks, including one involving 36 adventure travelers, have been documented. The clinical presentation in travelers often differs from that seen in people living in endemic areas, typically being more localized and less severe.

The Chilean Case and Diagnostic Considerations

The case report, published in Cureus, describes a previously healthy adolescent who developed intensely itchy, serpiginous (snake-like) lesions on their legs approximately one week after returning from Brazil. Initial diagnoses considered included allergic reactions and insect bites. But, the persistent and migratory nature of the lesions, coupled with the travel history, prompted clinicians to consider CLM. Diagnosis was ultimately confirmed through clinical presentation and response to treatment with anti-parasitic medication.

Misdiagnosis is a common challenge with CLM, as the symptoms can mimic other skin conditions. A high index of suspicion is crucial in patients with a relevant travel history and characteristic skin lesions. The GeoSentinel Surveillance Network, which monitors illness in returned travelers, has documented numerous cases of CLM, highlighting the require for clinicians to be aware of this potential diagnosis. Data from 2007-2011 showed 806 reported cases of cutaneous larva migrans among returned travelers, representing 0.9% of all reported illnesses.

Risk Factors and Geographic Distribution

While anyone can contract CLM given exposure to contaminated environments, certain activities and destinations pose a higher risk. Travel to tropical and subtropical beaches, particularly those frequented by animals, increases the likelihood of exposure. Walking barefoot on sand or sitting directly on the ground are also risk factors. Commonly reported locations for CLM include Thailand, Brazil, Mexico and Malaysia.

It’s significant to note that the risk isn’t limited to popular tourist destinations. The case report from Chile demonstrates that even travel within South America can lead to infection. The larvae are present in the environment and can be carried by animals, making even seemingly safe areas potentially hazardous.

Treatment and Prevention

CLM is typically treated with oral or topical anti-parasitic medications. The specific medication and duration of treatment will depend on the severity of the infection and the patient’s overall health. In most cases, treatment is effective, and the lesions resolve within a few weeks. However, symptoms can persist for months if left untreated.

Prevention is key. Travelers can reduce their risk of contracting CLM by taking the following precautions:

  • Avoid walking barefoot on beaches or in areas where animals may have defecated.
  • Use a towel or mat when sitting on the ground.
  • Wear shoes and socks when walking through potentially contaminated areas.
  • After exposure, thoroughly wash any exposed skin with soap and water.

Public Health Surveillance and Future Directions

Ongoing surveillance of imported infectious diseases, such as CLM, is crucial for identifying emerging trends and informing public health recommendations. Networks like GeoSentinel play a vital role in collecting and analyzing data on illnesses in returned travelers, providing valuable insights into the global spread of infectious diseases.

Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiology of CLM and to develop more effective prevention strategies. This includes investigating the prevalence of hookworm larvae in different environments and identifying specific risk factors for infection. Continued education of both travelers and healthcare providers is also essential for improving diagnosis and treatment rates.

As travel patterns evolve, and as climate change potentially expands the geographic range of these parasites, vigilance and awareness will remain critical in minimizing the impact of imported cutaneous larva migrans and other travel-associated infections.