Haemorrhoids: Symptoms, Causes & Prevention | SBS Filipino

That familiar discomfort after using the toilet – is it just a minor irritation, or something more? For many, it could be haemorrhoids, a surprisingly common condition affecting millions. While often a source of embarrassment, understanding what causes them and how to manage them is key to maintaining overall wellbeing. Approximately 300,000 Australians experience haemorrhoids annually, but the excellent news is that most identify relief with appropriate guidance.

What are Haemorrhoids?

Haemorrhoids are essentially swollen veins in the anus and rectum. These veins play a crucial role in controlling the passage of stool and gas, but when they become inflamed or enlarged, they can cause a range of unpleasant symptoms. These can include bleeding, itching, pain and general discomfort in the anal region. According to Dr. Angelica Logarta-Scott, a Sydney-based Specialist GP, any discomfort in this area warrants a prompt consultation with a healthcare professional. SBS Filipino reports on this common issue, highlighting the importance of seeking medical advice.

Who is at Risk?

While anyone can develop haemorrhoids, certain factors can increase your risk. Dr. Logarta-Scott points out that pregnancy, being overweight, and frequently experiencing diarrhea or constipation are all contributing factors. Straining during bowel movements, and spending prolonged periods sitting on the toilet – perhaps while using electronic devices – can also increase the likelihood of developing this condition. Essentially, anything that increases pressure in the lower rectum can contribute to the problem. A video explanation from Dr. Logarta-Scott further details these risk factors.

Understanding the Symptoms

The symptoms of haemorrhoids can vary depending on the type and severity. Internal haemorrhoids, which occur inside the rectum, often cause painless bleeding during bowel movements. You might notice bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the bowl. External haemorrhoids, located under the skin around the anus, are more likely to cause pain, itching, and swelling. Sometimes, a blood clot can form within an external haemorrhoid (a thrombosed haemorrhoid), causing severe pain and inflammation. It’s important to remember that rectal bleeding can also be a symptom of more serious conditions, so it’s crucial to get a proper diagnosis from a doctor.

What Causes the Veins to Swell?

The veins in the anus and rectum are designed to stretch and accommodate the passage of waste. However, increased pressure in this area can cause these veins to swell and become inflamed. This pressure can be caused by a number of factors, including straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation or diarrhea, and prolonged sitting. The haemorrhoidal veins themselves are vital for maintaining proper closure of the anus, but when they become enlarged, they can disrupt this function and cause discomfort. SBS Filipino provides a detailed overview of the causes and prevention of haemorrhoids.

Lifestyle Changes for Management and Prevention

If you’re experiencing mild haemorrhoid symptoms, there are several lifestyle changes you can implement to prevent them from worsening. Dr. Logarta-Scott emphasizes the importance of following a high-fibre diet, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding constipation. Limiting the time spent sitting on the toilet, and engaging in regular exercise to maintain a healthy weight are also beneficial. A high-fibre diet helps to soften stools, making them easier to pass and reducing straining. Staying hydrated helps to keep stools soft and prevents constipation. Regular exercise promotes healthy bowel function and can support to reduce pressure in the rectal area.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many cases of haemorrhoids can be managed with lifestyle changes, it’s important to seek medical attention if your symptoms are severe or persistent. You should consult a doctor if you experience significant bleeding, severe pain, or if your symptoms don’t improve after a week or two of self-care. A doctor can properly diagnose your condition and recommend appropriate treatment options, which may include topical creams, suppositories, or, in some cases, surgical intervention. Remember, rectal bleeding should always be investigated by a healthcare professional to rule out other potential causes.

What’s the Process for Diagnosis and Treatment?

Typically, a doctor will perform a physical exam, which may include a visual inspection of the anal area and a digital rectal exam. In some cases, they may also recommend a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy to rule out other conditions. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the haemorrhoids. Mild cases can often be managed with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter remedies. More severe cases may require procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgery. It’s important to discuss all treatment options with your doctor to determine the best course of action for your individual situation.

Healthy Pinoy is SBS Filipino’s weekly segment on health. The content provided is for informational purposes only and does not intend to substitute professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult your GP or doctor for support.

Staying Informed: Resources and Updates

For more information on haemorrhoids and other health topics, you can visit the SBS Filipino website. You can also find helpful resources from reputable health organizations such as the Mayo Clinic and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).