CDC: Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Backyard Poultry | CDC Newsroom

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is investigating a multistate outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to contact with backyard poultry, including chickens and ducks. As of May 5, 2025, seven individuals across six states – Florida, Illinois, Missouri, South Dakota, Utah, and Wisconsin – have been confirmed to have contracted the infection. This outbreak underscores the ongoing risk of Salmonella transmission from seemingly healthy backyard flocks.

Whereas the current outbreak involves a relatively small number of cases, it follows larger outbreaks in recent years. The CDC reported over 1,000 cases linked to backyard poultry in both 2022 and 2023, including one death in the 2024 outbreak which included 470 confirmed cases and 1 death. This pattern highlights the persistent challenge of managing Salmonella in these settings.

Understanding Salmonella and Backyard Poultry

Salmonella bacteria are commonly carried by poultry, even when the birds appear healthy and clean. These germs can easily spread to the environment where the birds live and roam – coops, feeders, waterers, and even the surrounding soil. Humans become infected when they touch the birds, their environment, or anything contaminated by their droppings, and then inadvertently transfer the bacteria to their mouths. This can happen through hand-to-mouth contact, or by consuming contaminated food or water.

Symptoms of Salmonella infection typically appear 6 to 6 days after exposure and include diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. Most people recover within 4 to 7 days without specific treatment. However, severe illness requiring hospitalization can occur, particularly in vulnerable populations – children under 5, adults 65 and older, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The CDC provides detailed information on Salmonella symptoms and potential complications.

What the Investigation Reveals

The current outbreak strain of Salmonella has been linked to hatcheries in the past, suggesting a potential source of contamination early in the supply chain. Investigators are working with state partners to notify these hatcheries and assess potential links to upstream suppliers. Samples collected from boxes used to ship poultry from hatcheries to stores in Ohio have confirmed the presence of the outbreak strain, further supporting this connection. This investigation is ongoing, and additional hatcheries may be identified as the source.

Protecting Yourself and Your Family

The CDC emphasizes several key steps to prevent Salmonella infection when interacting with backyard poultry:

• Handwashing: Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water immediately after touching birds, their eggs, or anything in their environment. If soap and water aren’t readily available, utilize hand sanitizer.
• Dedicated Footwear: Wear a dedicated pair of shoes or boots when working with your flock and do not wear them inside your home.
• Separate Spaces: Keep birds and their supplies outside of the house to minimize the risk of spreading germs indoors.
• Supervision for Children: Closely supervise children around backyard poultry and ensure they wash their hands properly afterward. Children under 5 years aged should not touch chicks, ducklings, or other backyard poultry due to their increased susceptibility to infection.
• Egg Handling: Collect eggs frequently and discard any cracked eggs, as germs can more easily enter through the shell.

Guidance for Businesses and Hatcheries

The CDC also offers specific recommendations for businesses involved in the poultry supply chain. Hatcheries are advised to implement best management practices to prevent Salmonella contamination in poultry. Stores should source poultry from hatcheries that prioritize Salmonella control and ensure thorough cleaning and sanitization of poultry display areas between shipments.

The Ongoing Public Health Response

The CDC continues to monitor Salmonella outbreaks closely through its National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). This system collects data from state and local health departments, allowing the agency to identify trends, track outbreaks, and implement targeted prevention measures. The investigation into this current outbreak will likely involve further laboratory testing to determine the specific genetic characteristics of the Salmonella strain and trace its origin.

As the investigation progresses, the CDC may issue updated guidance or recommendations. Individuals who suspect they have contracted a Salmonella infection should consult a healthcare professional and inform them of any potential exposure to backyard poultry. Staying informed through official public health updates is crucial for protecting yourself and your family.