E. coli Outbreak Linked to Raw Cheese, No Recall Issued by Producer

The FDA is investigating a multi-state outbreak of Escherichia coli (E. Coli) linked to raw cheddar cheese produced by California-based Raw Farm. As of March 15, 2026, seven illnesses have been reported across California, Florida, and Texas, with two individuals requiring hospitalization. A concerning aspect of this outbreak is that four of the reported cases have occurred in children under the age of three.

Raw Cheese and the Risk of E. Coli

The FDA’s investigation centers on Shiga toxin-producing E. Coli O157:H7 (STEC), a particularly dangerous strain of the bacteria. STEC can cause severe complications, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a type of kidney failure, and long-term health issues like high blood pressure and neurological problems. Symptoms typically begin within a few days to a week after consuming contaminated food, and can include severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), fever, nausea, and vomiting.

While investigations are ongoing, raw cheddar cheese from Raw Farm is considered the “likely source” of the outbreak. It’s important to note that, despite testing, no Raw Farm products have yet tested positive for E. Coli. This highlights the challenges in tracing the source of foodborne illnesses, as contamination can be intermittent or localized within a production batch. The agency said the investigation is ongoing to determine the source of contamination and whether additional products are linked to illnesses.

A Refusal to Recall and Consumer Guidance

The situation is complicated by Raw Farm’s decision not to issue a voluntary recall. The company has publicly stated they disagree with the FDA’s assessment and claim they are experiencing “extreme harassment” regarding the allegations. This refusal to recall raises concerns about public safety, as it leaves potentially contaminated products on the market.

The CDC has advised consumers to avoid eating any Raw Farm-brand original block “Raw Cheddar” or original shredded “Raw Cheddar” of any size. They also recommend thoroughly washing any surfaces and items that may have arrive into contact with the cheese using hot, soapy water.

Understanding the Risks of Raw Milk Products

This outbreak underscores the inherent risks associated with consuming raw, unpasteurized milk and products made from it. Pasteurization is a process that heats milk to a specific temperature for a set period, effectively killing harmful bacteria like E. Coli, Listeria, and Salmonella. The CDC has repeatedly warned that raw milk products carry a significantly higher risk of causing foodborne illness.

Certain populations are particularly vulnerable to severe illness from raw dairy. These include children under 5 years traditional, adults over 65, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Earlier this year, a tragic example of this risk occurred in New Mexico, where an infant died from a Listeria infection believed to have been contracted through unpasteurized milk consumed by the mother during pregnancy.

The FDA’s Investigative Process and Ongoing Surveillance

The FDA’s investigation is proceeding on multiple fronts. Epidemiologists are continuing to interview those affected to gather more information about their exposure history and identify potential commonalities. Laboratory testing is being conducted on samples of Raw Farm cheese and from the environment at the production facility to pinpoint the source of the contamination. The agency is also reviewing the company’s food safety practices and procedures.

The FDA’s outbreak investigation relies on a network of public health surveillance systems. These systems collect data on reported cases of foodborne illness from state and local health departments. When a cluster of illnesses with a common source is identified, the FDA steps in to investigate and implement control measures. This process is crucial for protecting public health and preventing further spread of disease.

What to Expect in the Coming Weeks

The FDA’s investigation is likely to continue for several weeks, or even months, as they perform to gather more evidence and determine the root cause of the outbreak. The agency will continue to provide updates to the public as new information becomes available. Consumers are urged to stay informed about the outbreak and follow the CDC’s recommendations to protect themselves and their families.

It’s also important to remember that food safety is a shared responsibility. Consumers can reduce their risk of foodborne illness by practicing safe food handling techniques, such as washing hands thoroughly before preparing food, cooking meat to the proper temperature, and avoiding unpasteurized dairy products.

For the latest information on this outbreak, please refer to the FDA and CDC websites: FDA Website and CDC Website.