Hidradenitis Suppurativa Prevalence: Global Study Reveals 1% Rate & Regional Variations

The global prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is estimated to be just under 1%, affecting roughly one in every 100 people worldwide. This makes HS as common as rheumatoid arthritis, yet the condition remains significantly understudied and often unrecognized, according to a new report published in JAMA Dermatology. The findings, stemming from a large international study, highlight the need for increased awareness and improved diagnostic practices for this painful and debilitating disease.

Understanding Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a long-term skin condition that causes painful bumps to form under the skin, primarily in areas where skin rubs together – such as the armpits, groin, and buttocks. These bumps can grow inflamed, break open, and create tunnels under the skin. Although the exact cause of HS isn’t fully understood, it’s believed to involve a combination of genetic predisposition, immune system dysfunction, and environmental factors. Diagnosis can be challenging, often delayed due to the condition’s varied presentation and lack of widespread awareness among healthcare providers.

A Global Look at Prevalence

The study, led by Gregor Jemec, MD, DMSci, professor of dermatology at the University of Copenhagen, involved screening over 22,743 participants across 23 countries and six continents. Researchers identified 247 patients with physician-confirmed HS. While the overall global prevalence landed at 0.99%, significant regional variations were observed. For example, prevalence rates were lower in African countries like Nigeria, Ghana, and Singapore (below 1%), while higher rates were found in France (closer to 3%) and among the Inuit population in Greenland (3.2%). Saudi Arabia showed a particularly high prevalence, with 4% of those sampled receiving a diagnosis of HS.

These variations suggest that genetic, environmental, or healthcare-related factors may play a role in the development and diagnosis of HS. Dr. Jemec notes that the typical risk factors associated with HS – obesity and tobacco smoking – were less prominent in the global sample than previously thought. The only consistent factor across populations was a higher prevalence among women.

What Explains the Regional Differences?

The reasons behind these geographical disparities are complex and require further investigation. Researchers are exploring potential links between HS prevalence and factors such as vitamin D exposure, dietary habits, and obesity rates. However, Dr. Jemec cautions against drawing definitive conclusions at this stage. “We did check for some of these standard risk factors… but when you take our global sample… most of these risk factors disappear,” he explained in an interview with Healio.

Genetic factors are also under scrutiny, with several international initiatives underway to identify genes associated with HS susceptibility. The study’s findings underscore the need for more research to unravel the intricate interplay of factors contributing to HS development in different populations.

The Psychosocial Burden and the Need for Destigmatization

HS is not merely a physical ailment; it carries a significant psychosocial burden for those affected. The chronic pain, visible skin lesions, and associated stigma can lead to anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Dr. Jemec emphasizes the importance of addressing the stigma surrounding HS, noting that patients often face misunderstanding and judgment. “There is a big psychological toll that comes with HS… Some people are even told that they should clean themselves better. Boils are considered one of the worst punishments in the Bible. There is stigma associated with this disease,” he stated.

Raising awareness about HS and educating both healthcare professionals and the public are crucial steps toward destigmatizing the condition and improving the quality of life for those who live with it. The Global Hidradenitis Suppurativa Atlas is part of a larger initiative by the International League of Dermatological Societies to develop atlases for other skin conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo, demonstrating a growing commitment to addressing global skin health challenges.

What’s Next for HS Research and Care?

The findings from the Global Hidradenitis Suppurativa Atlas are expected to inform future research efforts and guide the development of more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. The study highlights the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and improved access to care for HS patients worldwide. Further research is needed to identify the underlying causes of HS, develop targeted therapies, and address the psychosocial needs of individuals living with the condition.

The Wyanoke Group, parent company of Healio, is committed to delivering high-quality information and education to healthcare professionals. Learn more about their operate. For patients seeking information and support, resources are available through organizations dedicated to HS awareness and advocacy. If you suspect you may have HS, it’s important to consult with a qualified dermatologist for proper diagnosis and management.

For more information: Gregor Jemec, MD, DMSci, can be reached at [email protected].