How Ticks Spread Diseases During Hiking and Outdoor Activities

Last weekend, as I laced up my boots for a trail run along the Barton Creek Greenbelt—one of Austin’s most beloved urban escapes—I noticed something unsettling. The usual chorus of cicadas was absent, replaced by an eerie silence. Then I saw them: tiny, dark specks clinging to the tall grass near the trailhead. Ticks. Not just one or two, but dozens, waiting for their next host. It wasn’t the first time I’d encountered them in Central Texas, but the sheer number felt like a warning. And if the latest reports from Europe are any indication, this isn’t just a bad year for ticks—it’s a sign of a broader, more alarming trend that’s quietly reshaping how we think about outdoor safety in our own backyards.

Across the Atlantic, French health officials and outdoor experts are sounding the alarm about the rapid spread of tick-borne illnesses, particularly Lyme disease. In a recent report from France 3 Régions, Stéphane Piffet of the national advocacy group *Le Relais de Lyme* described ticks as “everywhere”—not just in remote forests or mountain trails, but in city parks, suburban gardens, and even public green spaces. The implications for Austin, a city where outdoor recreation is woven into the cultural fabric, are impossible to ignore. With over 300 miles of hiking and biking trails, 20,000 acres of parkland, and a population that thrives on everything from Zilker Park yoga sessions to weekend camping trips at Pedernales Falls, the risk isn’t hypothetical. It’s already here.

The Silent Spread: Why Austin’s Tick Problem Is Worse Than You Think

Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium *Borrelia burgdorferi* and transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks (*Ixodes scapularis*), has long been a concern in the northeastern U.S. But in recent years, Texas has emerged as a hotspot for tick activity—and the numbers are staggering. According to data from the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS), reported cases of Lyme disease in the state have more than doubled since 2015, with Travis County consistently ranking among the top five counties for confirmed and probable cases. In 2024 alone, Texas reported over 400 cases, though experts believe the true number is significantly higher due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.

The reasons for this surge are complex, but climate change plays a starring role. Warmer winters and milder springs—hallmarks of Central Texas’s shifting climate—create ideal conditions for ticks to thrive. A 2023 study published in *Ecology Letters* found that rising temperatures have expanded the geographic range of blacklegged ticks by as much as 30% in the southern U.S. Over the past decade. In Austin, where average winter temperatures have risen by nearly 2°F since the 1970s, ticks are now active year-round, rather than just during the traditional “tick season” of spring and summer.

But it’s not just the weather. Austin’s rapid urbanization has fragmented natural habitats, pushing wildlife like white-tailed deer and small mammals—primary hosts for ticks—into closer contact with humans. The city’s famous “wildland-urban interface,” where neighborhoods like Circle C Ranch and Mueller border undeveloped land, has become a perfect storm for tick proliferation. Even urban parks aren’t safe. A 2025 survey by the Austin Wildland Conservation Division found blacklegged ticks in 12 of the city’s 15 most popular parks, including Lady Bird Lake’s hike-and-bike trail and the greenbelts of the Bull Creek District.

Then there’s the issue of awareness—or lack thereof. Unlike in the Northeast, where Lyme disease is a well-publicized threat, many Texans still view ticks as a nuisance rather than a serious health risk. “People here think of ticks as something you deal with on a camping trip, not something you might encounter on your morning jog at Pease Park,” says Dr. Sarah Hamer, a veterinary epidemiologist at Texas A&M University who studies tick-borne diseases. “But the reality is, if you’re spending time outdoors in Austin, you’re in tick territory.”

The Hidden Costs: Beyond Lyme Disease

While Lyme disease dominates the conversation, it’s far from the only threat posed by ticks in Central Texas. The region is home to at least eight species of ticks, each capable of transmitting a variety of pathogens. The lone star tick (*Amblyomma americanum*), for example, is the primary vector for ehrlichiosis, a bacterial infection that can cause fever, fatigue, and in severe cases, organ failure. In 2024, Texas reported 187 cases of ehrlichiosis, a 40% increase from the previous year, according to DSHS data.

Even more concerning is the rise of alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), a severe allergic reaction to red meat triggered by the bite of a lone star tick. AGS has exploded in prevalence across the southern U.S., with Texas now ranking second only to Tennessee in reported cases. The syndrome, which can cause life-threatening anaphylaxis, has forced many Texans to overhaul their diets and lifestyles. “I had a patient last year who had to give up barbecue—his entire identity—because of a tick bite he got while hiking the Greenbelt,” says Dr. Emily Adhikari, an allergist at Dell Medical School. “It’s not just an inconvenience; it’s a fundamental shift in how people live.”

The economic impact is equally staggering. A 2025 report from the Texas Department of Agriculture estimated that tick-borne diseases cost the state’s economy over $100 million annually in healthcare expenses, lost productivity, and veterinary bills. For Austin’s booming outdoor tourism industry—worth an estimated $3.5 billion per year—the stakes couldn’t be higher. “If people start associating Austin with tick-borne illnesses, it could have a chilling effect on everything from music festivals to trail races,” warns Sarah Backhouse, executive director of the Austin Parks Foundation. “We’re already seeing some event organizers require tick-prevention workshops for participants. That’s a trend that’s only going to grow.”

The Prevention Gap: Why Austin Isn’t Ready

Despite the growing threat, Austin’s response to tick-borne diseases has been fragmented at best. Unlike cities in the Northeast, where Lyme disease prevention is a coordinated effort involving public health departments, schools, and outdoor organizations, Austin’s approach has been largely reactive. “We’re playing catch-up,” admits Dr. Mark Escott, interim health authority for Austin Public Health. “Most of our messaging has been about mosquitoes and West Nile virus. Ticks haven’t been a priority—until now.”

That’s starting to change, albeit slowly. In 2025, Austin Public Health launched a pilot program to distribute free tick removal kits at trailheads and parks, along with informational signs about prevention. The city has also partnered with the TickEncounter Resource Center, a national nonprofit based at the University of Rhode Island, to conduct tick surveillance in high-risk areas. But experts say these efforts are just a drop in the bucket. “What we need is a cultural shift,” says Piffet, the French Lyme advocate. “People need to understand that ticks aren’t just a rural problem. They’re in your backyard, your dog park, your kid’s soccer field.”

Part of the challenge is overcoming misinformation. A 2024 survey by the Texas Lyme Disease Association found that 68% of Austin residents believed ticks could only transmit diseases if they were attached for more than 24 hours—a myth that persists despite evidence to the contrary. In reality, some pathogens, like the one that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever, can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes. “The window for prevention is much smaller than people realize,” says Dr. Hamer. “That’s why education has to be aggressive and ongoing.”

What You Can Do: A Local’s Guide to Tick Safety

Given my background in public health and years of reporting on zoonotic diseases, I’ve seen firsthand how quickly a lack of awareness can turn a manageable risk into a full-blown crisis. If you’re an Austinite who spends time outdoors—and let’s be honest, that’s most of us—here’s what you need to know to protect yourself, your family, and your pets.

1. The Right Gear: Dress Like You’re Entering a War Zone (Because You Are)

Ticks can’t fly or jump, but they’re masters of ambush. They climb to the tops of grass blades and wait for a host to brush by, then latch on. The first line of defense? Clothing. Experts recommend:

• Long sleeves and pants: Opt for lightweight, breathable fabrics like nylon or polyester. Tuck your pants into your socks—yes, it looks dorky, but it works. “Ticks can’t crawl through fabric, so if you’re fully covered, they can’t reach your skin,” says Dr. Adhikari.
• Permethrin-treated clothing: Permethrin is an insecticide that kills ticks on contact. You can buy pre-treated clothing from brands like Insect Shield or treat your own gear at home. A 2023 study in the *Journal of Medical Entomology* found that permethrin-treated clothing reduced tick bites by 93% in high-risk areas. “It’s the gold standard for prevention,” says Dr. Hamer. “If you’re hiking in Austin’s greenbelts, it’s non-negotiable.”
• Light-colored clothing: Ticks are dark, so they’re easier to spot on light fabrics. Avoid earth tones if you’re in a high-risk area.

2. The Post-Adventure Ritual: How to Check for Ticks (Without Losing Your Mind)

You’ve just finished a glorious hike at McKinney Falls State Park. You’re sweaty, exhausted, and ready for a shower. Here’s the bad news: That shower is your first line of defense. Ticks often wander for hours before attaching, so a thorough post-outdoor routine can make all the difference.

• Shower within two hours: A 2022 study in *Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases* found that showering within two hours of outdoor exposure reduced the risk of Lyme disease by 58%. Employ a washcloth to scrub your skin—this can dislodge ticks before they attach.
• The full-body check: Ticks love warm, hidden spots. Check these areas carefully:
  • Behind the knees
  • Groin and armpits
  • Scalp and behind the ears
  • Belly button
  • Between toes

  “Use a handheld mirror or request a partner to check hard-to-see areas,” advises Dr. Escott. “And don’t forget your pets—dogs are tick magnets.”

• Tumble dry your clothes: Ticks can survive a washing machine, but 10 minutes in a hot dryer will kill them. Throw your clothes in the dryer on high heat before washing.

3. The Removal Toolkit: What to Do If You Find a Tick

You’ve found a tick. Now what? Panicking won’t help, but neither will ancient wives’ tales. Here’s the science-backed approach:

• Use fine-tipped tweezers: Grasp the tick as close to the skin’s surface as possible and pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don’t twist or jerk—this can cause the mouthparts to break off and remain in the skin. “Never use folklore remedies like burning the tick with a match or smothering it with petroleum jelly,” warns Dr. Adhikari. “These methods can actually increase the risk of infection.”
• Clean the bite area: Wash the site with soap and water or rubbing alcohol. Monitor it for the next 30 days for signs of a rash or infection.
• Save the tick: Place it in a sealed container with a damp cotton ball. You can send it to a lab like TickReport for testing to see if it carried any pathogens. “This isn’t just for peace of mind,” says Dr. Hamer. “If you develop symptoms later, knowing what you were exposed to can help your doctor diagnose you faster.”

Local Resources: Who to Turn to in Austin

If you’re concerned about tick-borne illnesses—or worse, if you’ve already been bitten—knowing where to turn for help can make all the difference. Austin has a growing network of professionals equipped to handle everything from prevention to treatment. Here’s who you need to know:

Tick-Borne Disease Specialists

These are the doctors and clinics with expertise in diagnosing and treating Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses. In Austin, look for:

• Board-certified infectious disease physicians: Start with your primary care doctor, but if you’re not getting answers, ask for a referral to an infectious disease specialist. The Dell Medical School at UT Austin has a team of experts who stay up-to-date on the latest research.
• Lyme-literate medical doctors (LLMDs): These are physicians who specialize in tick-borne diseases and often take a more holistic approach to treatment. The International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS) maintains a directory of LLMDs in Texas. “Not all doctors are familiar with the nuances of Lyme disease, especially in its chronic form,” says a local patient advocate who asked to remain anonymous. “An LLMD can be a game-changer.”
• What to look for: Experience with both acute and chronic Lyme disease, familiarity with co-infections like ehrlichiosis and babesiosis, and a willingness to consider long-term antibiotic therapy if needed. Avoid practitioners who dismiss tick-borne illnesses outright or rely solely on outdated testing methods.

Veterinary Parasitologists

Your pets are just as vulnerable to ticks as you are—and they can bring them into your home. A veterinary parasitologist can help you develop a prevention plan tailored to your pet’s lifestyle. In Austin, seek out:

• AAHA-accredited veterinary clinics: The American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) sets the gold standard for veterinary care. Clinics like Austin Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Center have specialists who can advise on the best tick preventatives for your dog or cat.
• Fear Free Certified professionals: Tick prevention can be stressful for pets, especially if they’re not used to topical treatments or oral medications. Fear Free Certified vets use techniques to reduce anxiety during exams and treatments.
• What to look for: A clinic that offers year-round tick prevention (not just seasonal), access to the latest preventatives like Bravecto or Simparica, and experience with tick-borne diseases like Lyme and ehrlichiosis. Ask about their protocol for testing and treating infected pets.

Environmental Pest Control Experts

If ticks are a recurring problem in your yard or neighborhood, it may be time to call in the professionals. But not all pest control companies are created equal. In Austin, prioritize:

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) specialists: IPM is an eco-friendly approach that focuses on long-term prevention rather than just chemical treatments. Companies like ABC Home & Commercial Services offer IPM plans that include habitat modification, natural predators, and targeted pesticide use.
• Licensed applicators: In Texas, pest control professionals must be licensed by the Texas Department of Agriculture. Look for companies with technicians who hold a Structural Pest Control Service license.
• What to look for: A company that conducts a thorough inspection before recommending treatment, offers organic or low-toxicity options, and provides a guarantee for their work. Avoid companies that rely solely on broad-spectrum pesticides, which can harm beneficial insects and wildlife.

The Bottom Line: Austin’s Tick Problem Isn’t Going Away

As I stood on the Greenbelt last weekend, watching a group of kids play in the tall grass, I couldn’t help but feel a pang of unease. This is the Austin I love—wild, vibrant, and full of life. But the ticks are part of that ecosystem now, too. The question isn’t whether we can eliminate them; it’s whether we can adapt fast enough to coexist safely.

The good news is that Austin is uniquely positioned to lead the charge in tick-borne disease prevention. With world-class medical institutions, a thriving outdoor culture, and a community that values innovation, we have all the tools we need to turn the tide. But it’s going to take more than just awareness—it’s going to take action. That means:

• Pushing local leaders to invest in public education campaigns, like the ones that have worked in the Northeast.
• Demanding better surveillance and reporting from state health agencies to track the spread of ticks and diseases.
• Supporting research at institutions like Texas A&M and UT Austin to develop latest prevention methods and treatments.
• And, perhaps most importantly, changing the way we think about outdoor safety. Ticks aren’t just a nuisance; they’re a public health threat. And in a city like Austin, where the line between urban and wild is increasingly blurred, that threat is closer than we think.

So the next time you head out for a hike, a picnic, or even a stroll through your neighborhood park, remember: The ticks are out there. But with the right knowledge and resources, you don’t have to be their next meal.

Ready to find trusted professionals? Browse our complete directory of top-rated tick-borne disease experts in the Austin area today.