Listeria Outbreak: Deli Meat Recall & New Cases – CDC Update

The CDC announced the closure of the investigation on January 31, 2025, but continues to share information about the outbreak, which began in July 2024. The outbreak strain of Listeria monocytogenes was identified in meats sliced at deli counters, including products from Boar’s Head brand liverwurst. As of November 19, 2024, a total of 61 people across 19 states had been infected, with 60 requiring hospitalization. Ten deaths were reported across several states, including Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, Florida, Tennessee, New Mexico, and South Carolina.

Who is at Risk?

Listeria infection, known as listeriosis, poses a greater threat to certain populations. Pregnant individuals, adults 65 years and older, and those with weakened immune systems are particularly vulnerable to severe illness. Listeria can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or life-threatening infection in newborns when contracted during pregnancy. In other vulnerable groups, the infection can spread beyond the gut, leading to a severe condition called invasive listeriosis.

While most healthy individuals experience milder symptoms like fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, the consequences can be devastating for those at higher risk. It’s vital to note that the reported number of cases likely underestimates the true extent of the outbreak, as some individuals recover without seeking medical care or being tested for Listeria.

Understanding Listeria and the Outbreak

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium that can contaminate food, particularly refrigerated ready-to-eat foods like deli meats and soft cheeses. The CDC’s investigation revealed that the contamination originated from meats sliced at deli counters. Laboratory and epidemiological data linked the outbreak to these sources, with Boar’s Head brand liverwurst specifically identified as a contributing factor. The New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets identified the outbreak strain in unopened Boar’s Head liverwurst products collected from retail stores.

The USDA-FSIS issued recalls of potentially contaminated products, and Boar’s Head expanded its recall to include all deli products from the affected establishment. Consumers were advised to discard recalled meats or return them to the store. The CDC too recommended thorough cleaning and sanitizing of refrigerators, containers, and surfaces that may have come into contact with recalled products. You can find more information about food safety and cleaning procedures on the CDC’s website.

Symptoms and What to Do

Symptoms of listeriosis can vary, but often include fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, and loss of balance. Symptoms typically appear 1 to 4 weeks after consuming contaminated food, but can range from the same day to 70 days later. If you experience these symptoms, especially if you are in a high-risk group and have recently eaten deli meats, it is crucial to seek medical attention.

For individuals at higher risk, the CDC recommends avoiding deli meats altogether or heating them to an internal temperature of 165°F (74°C) before consumption. Heating the meat until it is steaming hot will kill any potential Listeria bacteria. For those not considered high-risk, the CDC advises against consuming recalled meats and emphasizes the importance of proper food handling and refrigerator hygiene.

Public Health Response and Ongoing Monitoring

The CDC, in collaboration with state and local health departments and the USDA-FSIS, conducted a thorough investigation to identify the source of the outbreak and implement control measures. This involved collecting and analyzing samples from sick individuals, tracing the source of contaminated products, and issuing recalls. The investigation’s closure signifies that the immediate threat has been contained, but ongoing surveillance is essential to detect any potential resurgence of the outbreak strain.

The USDA-FSIS continues to emphasize best practices for controlling Listeria contamination in deli areas. Businesses are urged to adhere to these guidelines, including regular cleaning and sanitizing, proper food handling procedures, and thorough temperature monitoring. The CDC also provides resources and guidance for food safety professionals to prevent future outbreaks.

While this particular outbreak is closed, the CDC stresses that the risk of Listeria contamination remains. Staying informed about food safety alerts and following recommended precautions are vital steps in protecting yourself and your family from foodborne illness.