Russia’s Nuclear Diplomacy: Building a Network of Dependents

As the first nuclear reactor at Bangladesh’s Rooppur power plant—built by Russia’s state-owned Rosatom—recently reached a critical milestone with the loading of fresh nuclear fuel, a global pattern of Russian nuclear diplomacy is taking shape. This isn’t just about energy; it’s about influence. Moscow is leveraging its nuclear expertise to forge deep dependencies, from fuel supply chains to technical training, across continents. For Chicago, a city already home to one of the largest nuclear energy hubs in the U.S., this development isn’t just an international story—it’s a reminder of how interconnected the world’s energy infrastructure has become, and how local decisions about nuclear power can ripple outward in ways that affect everything from energy prices to national security.

Chicago’s nuclear story is written in the towers of Exelon’s Braidwood Generating Station, southwest of the city, where recent filings with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission reveal a pressing question: Can the U.S. Still rely on Russian nuclear fuel, or is this a turning point for American energy independence? Exelon’s request to use Russian-made “lead test assemblies” at Braidwood underscores the tension. While the plant has historically sourced uranium from Russia, the geopolitical landscape has shifted dramatically. Meanwhile, in Richland, Washington, a $3 billion nuclear fuel facility is being eyed as a potential anchor for a new era of domestic uranium production—a direct response to the Biden administration’s 2023 ban on Russian uranium imports. These moves signal a pivot, but one that’s not without its challenges.

Why Chicago’s Nuclear Sector is Watching Bangladesh—and Moscow

The Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant, a joint venture between Rosatom and the Government of Bangladesh, represents more than just a new source of electricity for South Asia. It’s a piece in a larger chessboard where Russia is expanding its footprint. The plant’s two VVER-1200 reactors, each capable of producing 1,200 megawatts, are part of a broader strategy to position Rosatom as the go-to partner for nuclear energy projects worldwide. With similar deals in Turkey, Egypt, and Hungary, Russia is building a network of countries that rely on its technology, expertise, and—implicitly—its geopolitical support.

For Chicago, the implications are twofold. First, the city’s nuclear industry is a cornerstone of its energy grid, supplying power to millions and employing thousands. Second, the global shift in nuclear diplomacy could impact the local supply chain. If Rosatom’s influence grows, so too does the potential for Chicago’s nuclear operators to face new competitors—or new partners—in the global market. The question is whether this will lead to more collaboration or more competition, and how that will play out in the Windy City’s energy landscape.

Rosatom’s Global Playbook: Fuel, Training, and Influence

Rosatom’s approach to nuclear diplomacy is multifaceted. Beyond constructing power plants, the company provides fuel, training, and ongoing technical support. In Bangladesh, for instance, Rosatom isn’t just building the plant—it’s training local technicians, supplying fuel, and ensuring the plant operates according to Russian standards. This creates a long-term dependency that extends well beyond the initial construction phase. Experts at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace have noted that such dependencies can be leveraged for political influence, giving Russia a say in the energy policies of its partner nations.

In Chicago, this dynamic is already playing out in subtle ways. Exelon’s Braidwood plant, for example, has historically relied on Russian uranium, and the company’s recent request to use Russian-made lead test assemblies highlights the ongoing relationship. While the U.S. Has moved to reduce its reliance on Russian uranium, the transition isn’t seamless. The $3 billion nuclear fuel facility proposed for Richland, Washington, aims to fill the gap, but its success hinges on domestic uranium production ramping up quickly enough to meet demand. Until then, Chicago’s nuclear operators may find themselves caught between geopolitical pressures and the practical need to keep the lights on.

Second-Order Effects: Energy Prices, Security, and Local Jobs

The global expansion of Rosatom’s nuclear network has ripple effects that touch Chicago’s economy in unexpected ways. For one, the supply chain for nuclear fuel and components is global. If Rosatom secures more contracts abroad, it could drive up the cost of uranium and related services worldwide, impacting the bottom line for U.S. Nuclear plants like Braidwood. Conversely, if Rosatom’s influence leads to more stable fuel supplies, it could provide a counterbalance to the volatility of domestic uranium markets.

Security is another critical factor. As Russia expands its nuclear footprint, it also increases its ability to influence global energy markets. For Chicago, which sits at the heart of America’s nuclear energy sector, this means staying vigilant about supply chain vulnerabilities. The recent push for domestic uranium production in Richland is a direct response to these concerns, but it also reflects the broader challenge of balancing energy security with geopolitical realities.

Locally, the nuclear industry remains a major employer. Exelon’s Braidwood plant alone supports hundreds of jobs in the region, from plant operators to engineers and support staff. Any shift in the global nuclear landscape—whether driven by Rosatom’s expansion or the push for domestic production—will have direct implications for these workers. The question for Chicagoans is how to adapt to these changes while ensuring the city remains a leader in nuclear innovation and energy security.

What This Means for Chicagoans: Three Local Archetypes to Watch

Given my background in covering energy policy and its local impacts, if this trend affects you in Chicago, here are the three types of local professionals and entities you should be paying attention to:

Nuclear Policy and Regulatory Advisors

As the global nuclear landscape evolves, Chicago’s regulatory and policy experts are on the front lines. These professionals—often affiliated with organizations like the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) or local think tanks—help navigate the complex web of international agreements, domestic regulations, and geopolitical shifts. Look for advisors with deep experience in nuclear fuel supply chains, international energy law, and risk assessment. They can help businesses and municipalities prepare for changes in fuel availability, licensing, and compliance requirements.

Energy Supply Chain Consultants

With the global nuclear supply chain becoming more interconnected, Chicago-based consultants specializing in energy procurement and logistics are in high demand. These experts can help nuclear plants like Braidwood diversify their fuel sources, mitigate risks from geopolitical instability, and optimize their supply chains. Seek out firms with a track record in nuclear fuel sourcing, contract negotiation, and risk management. Their insights can be invaluable for ensuring that Chicago’s energy sector remains resilient in the face of global shifts.

Workforce Transition and Retraining Specialists

As the nuclear industry adapts to new geopolitical realities, the skills required for jobs in the sector may also evolve. Chicago’s workforce development organizations—such as Chicago’s Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity—are stepping up to provide retraining programs for nuclear plant workers. These specialists help employees transition to new roles within the industry, whether that means upskilling for advanced reactor technologies or pivoting to renewable energy sectors. If you or someone you know works in Chicago’s nuclear industry, connecting with these experts can be a game-changer for long-term career stability.

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